The different roles of sleep on false memory formation between young and older adults.

Aging is accompanied by an increase in the probability of false memory. However, what role sleep plays in the age effect in false memory is less understood. Our study utilized a simplified conjoint recognition (SCR)-based Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm to investigate the role of sleep on false memory in young and older adults. The results showed that sleep effect in false memory was modulated by age, manifested as sleep increased young adults' falsely recognized critical lures, while it reduced older adults'. In addition, in a more fine-grained analysis, the results of multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling further revealed that young adults were more likely to retrieve memory based on gist traces than older adults, and young adults were more susceptible to guess a probe as "old" than older adults in the sleep condition. Combined findings from the number and ratio of falsely recognized critical lures and the MPT modeling, the current study suggested that sleep might increase young adults' false memory via gist extraction, while it decreased older adults' false memory via verbatim trace consolidation. The study contributes to a comprehensive view on the age-by-sleep effect on false recognition, with the segregation of cognitive components of verbatim memory, gist memory, and response bias.

Sleep Quality Modulates the Association between Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity and Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults.

Aging is associated with changes in sleep, brain activity, and cognitive function, as well as the association among these factors; however, the precise nature of these changes has not been elucidated. This study systematically investigated the modulatory effect of sleep on the relationship between brain functional network connectivity (FNC) and cognitive function in older adults. In total, 107 community-dwelling healthy older adults were recruited and assigned into poor sleep and good sleep groups based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The static functional network connectivity (sFNC), the temporal variability of dynamic FNC (dFNC) from variance (dFNC-var), and the dFNC from clustering state (dFNC-state) were calculated. Corresponding cognition-predictive models were constructed for each sleep group. dFNC but not sFNC, was able to significantly predict the cognitive function in older adults. Specifically, sleep played a modulatory role in the association between dFNC and cognitive function, with sleep-specific variations at both microscopic (i.e., specific edges) and macroscopic levels (i.e., specific states) of dFNC.

A C-type lectin with a single CRD from Onychostoma macrolepis mediates immune recognition against bacterial challenge.

C-type lectins (CTL) are a large group of pattern-recognition proteins and to play important roles in glycoprotein metabolism, multicellular integration, and immunity. Based on their overall domain structure, they can be classified as different groups that possess different physiological functions. A typical C-type lectin (named as OmLec1) was identified from the fish, Onychostoma macrolepis, an important cultured fish in China. Open reading frame of OmLec1 contains a 570 bp, encoding a protein of 189 amino acids that includes a signal peptide and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain. The phylogenetic analysis showed that OmLec1 could be grouped with C-type lectin from other fish. OmLec1 was expressed in all the tissues in our study, and the expression level was highest in liver. And its relative expression levels were significantly upregulated following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. The recombinant OmLec1 protein (rOmLec1) could agglutinate some Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro in the presence of Ca2+, showing a typical Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein. Furthermore, rOmLec1 purified from E. coli BL21 (DE3), strongly bound to LPS and PGN, as well as all tested bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These results indicate that OmLec1 plays a central role in the innate immune response and as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes diverse pathogens among O. macrolepis.

A C-type lectin (OmCTL) in Onychostoma macrolepis: Binding ability to LPS, PGN and agglutinating activity against bacteria.

C-type lectins (CTLs) are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins that mainly bind to carbohydrate-based or other ligands to mediate cell adhesion, recognize pathogens, and play important roles in the immune system. In the present study, a novel C-type lectin (OmCTL) isolated from Onychostoma macrolepis was investigated. The open reading frame of OmCTL comprises 468 bp, encoding a 155 amino acid polypeptide with an 18 amino acid putative signaling peptide. The predicted primary OmCTL structure contains a signal peptide, a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and an EPN/WND motif required for carbohydrate-binding specificity. Using tissue expression pattern analysis, OmCTL has been shownto be highly expressed in the liver, and is also detected in other tissues. OmCTL was significantly upregulated in the liver and spleen following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, suggesting its involvement in immune response. The recombinant OmCTL protein (rOmCTL) agglutinated two gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and A. hydrophila, in vitro in the presence of Ca2+, showing that it is a typical Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein.Furthermore, rOmCTL purified from E. coli BL21 (DE3) strongly bound to LPS and PGN, as well as all tested bacteria in a Ca2+-independent manner. These results indicate that OmCTL plays a central role in the innate immune response and as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes diverse pathogens among O. macrolepis.

Age-related alterations of default mode network in autobiographical memory: Recent versus remote events.

Previous studies have shown that the vividness of autobiographical memory decreases over time, and older adults often retrieve fewer details than young adults. However, the age-by-temporal distance (i.e., recent versus remote events) effect on autobiographical memory and underlying neural mechanisms are less understood. We recruited 25 young adults and 27 older adults to perform an fMRI-adapted autobiographical memory task with different temporal distances. The results showed that older adults' vividness ratings were generally higher than that of young adults, but were less sensitive to temporal distances. For neural imaging, an age-by-temporal distance effect was found in the left precuneus, manifested as young adults had more activation for recent events than for remote events, whereas no temporal distance effect was found in older adults. Interestingly, for older adults, the temporal distance effect was reflected by functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), with a stronger anterior DMN-posterior DMN coupling for remote events than for recent events, whereas no temporal distance difference on functional connectivity was found in young adults. The results suggest that older adults exhibit age-related neural differences in both activation and functional connectivity during the processing of autobiographical memory with different temporal distances, shedding new light for the understanding of the relationship between the DMN, autobiographical memory, and aging.

Effect of RITA on TP53 Mutant Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Line and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of RITA on TP53 mutant human mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell line Mino and its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Mino cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 and treated with RITA at a concentration of 0-16 μmol/L for 24,48,72 hours. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The cells were treated by RITA (0-8 μmol/L) for 48 h, the cell apoptosis induced by RITA was detected by annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of protein BCL-2, Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3, PARP, MDM2, and P53 in Mino cells.@*RESULTS@#After treatment with 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L RITA for 48 h, the proliferation inhibition rate of Mino cells was (1.2±5.6)%, (14.9±4.9)%, (41.7±5.0)%, (61.8±2.4)%, (70.2±2.8)%, and (70.8±2.4)%, respectively. RITA could inhibit the proliferation of Mino cells significantly, and statistical analysis showed that the inhibition rate was increased with the increasing of RITA concentration (r=0.767). After the cells were treated by 4 μmol/L RITA for 24, 48, and 72 h, the proliferation inhibition rate was (25.2±3.8)%, (61.8±2.4)%, and (87.0±0.7)%, respectively. Satistical analysis showed that the inhibition rate was also increased with the increasing of treatment time (r=0.978). The apoptosis rate of Mino cells treated by 0, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L RITA for 48 h was (5.4±0.4)%, (15.3±0.6)%, (38.7±1.7)%, and (50.8±1.1)%, respectively, and it showed dose-dependent manner (r=0.961). Western blot showed that with the increasing of RITA concentration, the BCL-2 protein expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.932), moreover, PARP cleavage and Caspase-3 activation were found, while the protein expression of MDM2 and P53 showed no change.@*CONCLUSION@#RITA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Mino cells significantly. The mechanism may be dependent on the Caspase pathway, but independent on the P53 pathway.

Effect of bortezomib in inducing apoptosis of imatinib-resistant K562 cells and the mechanism / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of bortezomib in inducing apoptosis in imatinib-resistant K562 (K562R) cells and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562 cells were cultured in gradient concentrations of imatinib for several months to generate imatinib-resistant K562 cells. The viability of K562R cells treated with bortezomib was measured using CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with annexin V/PI dual staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Mcl-1,Bcl-2 and Bcr/Abl.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>K562R cell line was successfully established, which showed 31.8 folds of imatinib resistance compared with the na?ve cells. Bortezomib treatment produced dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both K562 cells and K562R cells and dose-dependently induced apoptosis in K562R cells. Combination of bortezomib with imatinib significantly enhanced the apoptosis of the cells. Western blotting showed that bortezomib treatment dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of both Mcl-1and Bcr/Abl in K562R cells without affecting bcl-2 protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bortezomib can inhibit the proliferation of K562R cells and induce cell apoptosis possibly by down-regulating Mcl-1 and Bcr/Abl expression and enhancing Mcl-1 cleavage.</p>

MiR-181a Promotes Proliferation of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Targeting ATM / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate miR-181a function and regulation mechanism by identifying miR-181a target genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HL-60 cells of human AML was transfected by small molecular analog miR-181a, the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method after electroporation in HL-60 cell lines. Target genes of miR-181a were predicted and analyzed by the bioinformatics software and database. Target genes were confirmed by HL-60 cell line and the patient leukemia cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overexpressed miR-181a in HL-60 cell line significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared with that in control (P < 0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-181a significantly suppressed the reporter gene activity containing ATM 3'-UTR by about 56.8% (P < 0.05), but it didn't suppress the reporter gene activity containing 3'-UTR ATM mutation. Western blot showed that miR-181a significantly downregulated the expression of ATM in human leukemia cells. It is also found that miR-181a was significantly increased in AML, which showed a negative correlation with ATM expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-181a promotes cell proliferation in AML by regulating the tumor suppressor ATM, thus it plays the role as oncogene in pathogenesis of AML.</p>

[Effect of acupuncture at pericardium points of amplitude of low frequency fluctuations of healthy people in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of healthy people in resting state (R1) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Totally 16 healthy subjects received structure scan of T1 and T2. Then two fMRI scans were conducted for each participant. fMRI included the resting-state scan (R1; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s), the stimulating-acupoint scan (AP; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s). fMRI data acquisition from structure scanning and function scanning were processed with format conversion and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Under R1 state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals included bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Under the AP state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals were bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and declivis. Compared with R1 state, obvious difference of ALFF signal areas of the brain caused by acupuncture at pericardium were: bilateral cuneus, precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right occipital lingual gyrus. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian could significantly change inherent activity states of the cerebral cortex, especially in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and precuneus.

Capturing amplitude changes of low-frequency fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging signal: a pilot acupuncture study on NeiGuan (PC6).

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine amplitude changes of low-frequency oscillations (fALFF) in the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal associated with acupuncture on NeiGuan (PC6). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten (10) healthy adults participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (i.e., nuclear medicine; fMRI) study. During the brain-imaging procedure, the participants were instructed to lie quietly; they did not perform any cognitive task. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three (3) fMRI scans were conducted for each participant: a first resting-state scan (R1), a stimulating-acupoint scan (AP), and a second resting-state scan (R2) after AP. Individual fALFF maps were calculated for each scan. RESULTS: During R1, consistent with previous studies, the default network regions showed significantly detectable fALFF amplitudes. Acupuncture on PC6 increased fALFF amplitudes within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), occipital fusiform gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus (PCC/PCU). In contrast, during R2, fALFF within PCC is still significantly higher than R1 while ACC and cerebellum showed decreased fALFF. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that stimulating PC6 can change the amplitude of the intrinsic cortical activity of the brain. In particular, a continuous and temporally consistent effect of acupuncture within PCC not the common brain circuit of pain including ACC and cerebellum was observed. Considering the cognitive functions and deficits of the relevant areas in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, acupuncture on PC6 could potentially affect both psychiatric and neurological disorders. Thus, stimulating PC6 may be a candidate method for improving cognitive impairment.

Recurrent deep vein thrombosis caused by heterozygous missense mutation of the protein S gene: genetic analysis of a case / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the molecular pathogenesis of protein S deficiency in an adolescent case of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples from the patient and his family members were collected for detection of the coagulation parameters by one-step clotting method, and the protein S (PS) and protein C activities were measured by a chromogenic assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for detecting the levels of free PS antigen. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the patients PS gene were amplified using PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As carriers of hereditary PS deficiency, both the patient and his father showed a heterozygous C82792T point mutation in the 10th exon of their PS gene which resulted in the substitution of arginine314 by cysteine in the polypeptide chain of PS protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recurrence of DVT in this patient is the result of hereditary PS deficiency caused by a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the PS gene.</p>

Correlation of donor and recipient serum interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels to acute graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between the donor and recipient serum interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two leukemic patients undergoing allo-hematopoietic stem cells transplantation and their donors were examined for serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-alpha using ELISA during conditioning and after the transplantation. IL-2 and TNF-alpha levels were also detected in the donors during mobilization to analyze the relationship between the cytokines and aGVHD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five recipients showed no aGVHD, 10 developed grade I aGVHD, and 7 developed grade II-IV aGVHD. The serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-alpha after conditioning and post-transplantation were significantly higher in the recipients with grade II-IV aGVHD than in those with grade 0-I aGVHD, but no difference was found before the pre-conditioning. The serum IL-2 levels in the mobilized donors for the recipients with grade II-IV aGVHD were significantly higher than that in donors for recipients with grade 0-I aGVHD, whereas the levels of TNF-alpha showed no such a difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum IL-2 and TNF-alpha levels in the leukemic patients after conditioning and post-transplantation, and the donor serum IL-2 level after mobilization may be correlative to the severity of aGVHD and can be used as indicators for predicting the severity of aGVHD after the transplantation.</p>

[Investigation on the changes of dependent signal on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations at blood oxygen level in brain after acupuncture Neiguan (PC 6)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of the acupoint and its functional location in the brain. METHODS: Ten healthy participants were examined with the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fM-RI). The scanning includes the resting state 1 (R 1), acupuncture stimulating (AP) Neiguan (PC 6) and the resting state 2 (R 2). All data were analyzed with the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). RESULTS: 1) During the R1, the regions with active signal on the ALFF contained bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and some part of cerebellum (including right declive, culme, tonsil and left uvula), as well as left precuneus, right superiour temporal gyrus. 2) As for AP, the active regions with higher ALFF were bilateral superior frontal gyrus and right cuneus, as well as left middle frontal gyrus, declivis and right semi-lunar lobule. 3) The main difference on ALFF between R1 and AP appeared within bilateral cingulated gyrus and declivis, left lingualgurus, and cuneus, as well as right precuneus, fusiform gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus, etc. CONCLUSION: After acupuncture stimulating the left Neiguan (PC 6), the active regions on ALFF are detected on bilateral cingulated gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus, as well as bilateral declivis and left lingual gurus, etc. These regions have the close relationship with the mental disorder and nervous diseases, which might be the possible neural mechanism of acupuncture stimulating Neiguan (PC 6) for treating some of related mental disorder and nervous diseases.

Antithrombin deficiency due to heterozygous antithrombin gene mutation and a pedigree study / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the antithrombin (AT) phenotype and gene mutation of a kindred with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma AT activity and AT antigen level of the propositus and his kindred members were determined with chromogenic substrate method and immunoassay, respectively. All the seven exons and intron-exon boundaries of antithrombin gene were analyzed by PCR and direct sequencing of amplified PCR products from the propositus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The propositus AT antigen level was normal but his AT activity was only 65% of normal value suggesting that he had type II AT deficiency. A heterozygous G13830A mutation in exon 6 resulting in Arg393His missense mutation in his AT polypeptide was identified in the propositus. The same phenotype and gene mutation were found in other 3 kindred members.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The type II AT deficiency found in this kindred is caused by heterozygous G13830A mutation in AT gene.</p>

The morphological and immunological characteristics of less-differentiated acute myeloid leukemic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim was to study the morphological, histochemical and immunological characteristics of less-differentiated acute myeloid leukemic cells, and their diagnostic significance. Wright-Giemsa and histochemical staining were used to stain bone marrow smears from 2 case of AML-Mo. Immunological phenotypes were determined with flow cytometry. The results showed that myeloperoxidase stainings of both cases were negative, PAS was positive with fine particles, CD33/CD13 were positive, CD2/CD3/CD10/CD19/CD22 were negative. It is concluded that morphology, histochemistry and immunological phenotype on bone marrow smears are the main diagnostic basis for AML-Mo. The use of multiple monoclonal antibodies for staining may improve the accuracy.